ABSTRACT
Sputum samples from pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending a hospital for chest diseases and tuberculosis at Jaipur, India were directly subjected to sensitivity tests to detect drug resistance to streptomycin (S), isoniazid (I), rifampicin (R) and ethambutol (Emb) by slide culture technique. Drug resistance was observed to one or more drug in 19.9 per cent of the patients. I resistant organisms were present in 10.1 per cent of patients, S resistance in 7.6 per cent, R resistance in 3.0 per cent and Emb resistance in 2.6 per cent. Resistance was limited to a single drug in 16.7 per cent patients. Drug resistance was unrelated to age and sex of the patients.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Drug Resistance , Ethambutol/pharmacology , Female , Hospitals, Special , Humans , India/epidemiology , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Rifampin/pharmacology , Streptomycin/pharmacology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Sixty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who had not received any chemotherapy in the past, were divided into two groups. All the patients were put on isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide for 8 weeks followed by isoniazid and rifampicin for another 18 weeks. Group A patients were informed of the likely occurrence of anorexia and/or vomiting but Group B patients were not. Routine and default retrieval home visits were given to ensure maximal drug compliance. Drug toxicity related early defaults were significantly less common in Group A patients (1 of 30) as compared to Group B (6 of 30).
Subject(s)
Adult , Anorexia/chemically induced , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Patient Compliance/psychology , Patient Dropouts , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Vomiting/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Thirty-eight patients (20 males and 18 females) with bronchiectasis were studied for the evidence of airway obstruction and its reversibility in response to subcutaneous terbutaline. There was an improvement in VC (8.56%), FEV1 (6.36%), PEFR (15%) and PEF 25-75% (18%) respectively. The difference being statistically significant in VC and highly significant in FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75 as compared to initial values and in 6 patients the improvement in FEV1 was more than 15%. The improvement in airway obstruction was not related to the character of expectoration. It is suggested that all the patients of bronchiectasis should be assessed for the reversibility of airway obstruction and those showing a reversible pattern be treated accordingly.
Subject(s)
Adult , Bronchiectasis/complications , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Respiratory Function Tests , Terbutaline/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The role of two calcium channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil was investigated in patients of bronchial asthma. Both the drugs given orally produced an insignificant rise in PEFR, FEF25-75% and FEV1. Given along with terbutaline, however, these drugs produced significantly greater increase in PEFR, FEF25-75% and FEV1 as compared to patients receiving terbutaline alone. The two calcium channel blockers also inhibited the terbutaline induced tremors and palpitation.
Subject(s)
Adult , Asthma/drug therapy , Calcium Channel Blockers/administration & dosage , Drug Interactions , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Nifedipine/administration & dosage , Respiratory Mechanics/drug effects , Terbutaline/administration & dosage , Verapamil/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Thirty three patients with hepatopulmonary amoebiasis were studied. Pulmonary involvement was observed in 55%, pleuro-pulmonary lesions in 30%. Typical chocolate coloured sputum was obtained in 24% and pleural fluid in 21% of patients. Entamoeba histolytica were demonstrable in the sputum in only 6% and in the pleural fluid in 15%. The best therapeutic results were obtained with a combination of dehydroemetine and metronidazole. However, metronidazole was found to be nearly as effective as dehydroemetine, and metronidazole 400 mg and 800 mg were equally effective.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Amebicides , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Emetine/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Liver Abscess, Amebic/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Male , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
The clinical profile of 109 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma has been studied. Definite histopathological typing of malignancy was possible in 61 patients, squamous cell carcinoma being the commonest tumour in 27 followed by small cell carcinoma in 16, adenocarcinoma in 11 and large cell carcinoma in 7. Another 23 patients showed changes suggestive of malignancy on histological/cytological examination. Definitive diagnosis was obtained in half of the patients by bronchial biopsy, in 16% by bronchial aspiration fluid cytology, in 13% by pleural biopsy, in 11% by lymph node biopsy and in others by pleural fluid cytology, lung biopsy and skin biopsy. Commonest radiological involvement among different cell types was hilar involvement in small cell carcinoma in 62%, evidence of bronchial obstruction (collapse/consolidation) in squamous cell carcinoma in 56%, peripheral mass in adenocarcinoma in 54% and cavitation in a mass in squamous cell carcinoma in 15% cases.